January is a critical time for vehicle checks, especially for drivers returning to normal routines after the festive break. Cold weather, reduced vehicle use, and short winter journeys can all take a toll on cars, vans, and fleet vehicles.
This guide explains the essential January car checks every driver should carry out to stay safe, avoid breakdowns, and keep vehicles running reliably through winter. From tyres and batteries to fluids and visibility, these simple checks help reduce downtime, control costs, and support safer driving in challenging conditions.
How to check your tyres for winter driving
Tyres are one of the most important safety components on any vehicle, particularly during winter. Cold temperatures can cause tyre pressure to drop, while wet or icy roads increase the need for good grip.
Start by checking tyre pressure using a tyre pressure gauge or an air pump at a fuel station. Compare the reading with the manufacturer’s recommended pressure, usually found inside the driver’s door frame or in the vehicle handbook. Make sure to check all tyres, including the spare, if your vehicle has one.
Next, check tread depth. You can do this using a tread depth gauge or the edge of a 20p coin. If the coin's outer rim is visible when placed in the tread, your tyres may be too worn. Although the legal minimum tread depth is 1.6mm, winter driving is safer with more tread for better grip on wet roads.
Finally, inspect tyres for signs of damage such as cracks, cuts, bulges, or uneven wear. Any of these could indicate a problem and should be checked by a professional as soon as possible.
How to check your car battery in cold weather
Battery problems are one of the most common causes of winter breakdowns. Cold weather reduces battery efficiency, especially if your car hasn’t been used regularly over the festive period.
When starting your car, pay attention to how the engine turns over. If it starts slowly or struggles to start, this can be a sign of a weak battery. Dim headlights or dashboard lights can also indicate battery issues.
You can carry out a basic visual check by opening the bonnet and looking for corrosion around the battery terminals, which appears as a white or bluish powder. Loose connections can also cause starting problems.
If your battery is more than 3 to 5 years old, or you notice repeated starting issues, it’s worth having it tested before it fails completely.
How to check engine oil and essential car fluids
Cold weather puts extra strain on your engine, making fluid checks especially important in January.
To check engine oil, park on level ground and make sure the engine is cool. Remove the dipstick, wipe it clean, reinsert it fully, then remove it again to check the level. The oil should sit between the minimum and maximum markers. If it’s low, top up using the correct oil type for your vehicle.
You should also check other essential fluids, including:
Coolant and antifreeze – levels should sit between the minimum and maximum markings on the reservoir.
Brake fluid – low levels may affect braking performance.
Windscreen washer fluid – use a winter-grade mix to prevent freezing.
If fluid levels drop regularly, this could indicate a leak and should be checked by a professional.
How to tell if your brakes are working properly
Reliable brakes are essential for winter driving, especially on wet or icy roads.
While a full brake inspection requires a professional, drivers can still monitor performance during everyday driving. Listen for unusual noises such as squealing or grinding when braking, which can indicate worn brake pads.
Pay attention to how the brake pedal feels. If it feels spongy, vibrates, or requires more pressure than usual, this could signal a problem. Pulling to one side when braking is another sign that brakes may need attention.
Any noticeable change in braking performance should be checked promptly to avoid further damage or safety risks.
How to check car lights and visibility in winter
January means darker mornings, darker evenings, and often poor weather during the day, making good visibility essential.
Check all exterior lights by switching them on one at a time, including headlights, brake lights, indicators, fog lights, and number plate lights. Ask someone to help or use reflections to check brake lights.
Inspect the windscreen for chips or cracks, as cold temperatures can cause small chips to spread quickly. Wiper blades should clear the screen smoothly without streaking or smearing. If they leave marks or make noise, it’s time to replace them.
Clean mirrors, windows, and lights regularly to remove dirt, salt, and road grime that can reduce visibility.
How to check heating, demisting and defrost systems
Heating and demisting systems are vital for winter driving, not just for comfort but for safety.
Start the car and make sure warm air flows through the vents within a few minutes. Test the front and rear demisters to ensure they clear condensation quickly and effectively.
If the heater blows cold air, takes a long time to warm up, or doesn’t clear the windows properly, it may need attention. Driving with misted windows reduces visibility and increases the risk of accidents, particularly during early morning journeys.
How winter driving affects fuel use
Fuel consumption often increases during winter due to cold starts, short journeys, and increased use of heaters, lights, and heated screens.
To improve fuel efficiency, avoid excessive idling to warm the engine, drive smoothly, and plan journeys where possible. Keeping tyres properly inflated also helps reduce fuel use.
For drivers and businesses that monitor fuel spend, January is a good time to review usage and spot any unusual increases that could indicate a vehicle issue.
What winter emergency equipment to keep in your car
Winter weather can be unpredictable, so it’s important to be prepared.
Useful items to keep in your car include:
An ice scraper and de-icer.
A warning triangle and high-visibility vest.
A torch.
Warm clothing or a blanket.
These items can make a big difference if you break down or are delayed in cold conditions.
Start the year with simple January car checks
January car checks don’t need to be complicated, but they are important. Spending a little time checking tyres, batteries, fluids, lights, and visibility after the festive break can help keep your car safe, reliable, and ready for winter driving.
Whether you’re commuting, driving for work, or covering longer journeys, these checks help reduce the risk of breakdowns and keep you moving confidently into the new year.
